Genetically-engineered human insulin is manufactured by the use of which of the following microorganisms ?

Options

A. Penicillium
B. Rhizopus
C. E coli
D. Pseudomonas

Answer

To answer the question regarding which microorganism is used to manufacture genetically-engineered human insulin, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the context of the question
The question is asking about the specific microorganism used in the genetic engineering process to produce human insulin.

### Step 2: Identify the options provided
The options given are:
1. Penicillium
2. Rhizopus
3. E. Coli
4. Pseudomonas

### Step 3: Recall the process of insulin production
Genetically-engineered human insulin is produced through recombinant DNA technology. In this process, the gene responsible for producing human insulin is inserted into a suitable host microorganism that can express this gene and produce the insulin protein.

### Step 4: Evaluate the options
- **Penicillium**: This is a genus of fungi commonly known for its role in antibiotic production, not for insulin production.
- **Rhizopus**: Another genus of fungi, primarily known for its role in food spoilage and fermentation, not for insulin production.
- **E. Coli**: This is a bacterium that is widely used in biotechnology for the production of proteins, including human insulin. It can be genetically modified to express the human insulin gene.
- **Pseudomonas**: This is a genus of bacteria known for its metabolic versatility but is not typically used for insulin production.

### Step 5: Conclude the answer
Based on the evaluation, the microorganism used for the genetic engineering of human insulin is **E. Coli**.

### Final Answer:
C. E. Coli

---