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PCR is routinely used to detect....

PCR is routinely used to detect.

A

HIV

B

Cancer

C

TB

D

Cholera

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### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding PCR**: PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction. It is a technique used to amplify small segments of DNA, making millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence. 2. **Components of PCR**: The main components involved in PCR include: - **DNA Template**: The DNA that contains the target sequence to be amplified. - **Primers**: Short sequences of nucleotides that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. - **DNA Polymerase**: An enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands. Taq polymerase is commonly used due to its heat resistance. - **Nucleotides**: The building blocks of DNA. 3. **Steps of PCR**: The PCR process involves three main steps: - **Denaturation**: The double-stranded DNA is heated to separate it into two single strands. - **Annealing**: The temperature is lowered to allow primers to bind (anneal) to the target DNA sequences. - **Extension**: The temperature is raised again to enable the DNA polymerase to extend the primers, synthesizing new DNA strands. 4. **Applications of PCR**: PCR is routinely used to detect various pathogens and diseases. Some examples include: - **HIV**: PCR can detect the presence of HIV viral RNA or DNA in a sample. - **Tuberculosis (TB)**: PCR can identify the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. - **Cholera**: PCR can detect the DNA of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium causing cholera. - **Cancer**: PCR can be used to detect mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes associated with cancer. 5. **Conclusion**: Based on the applications of PCR, it is routinely used to detect various infectious diseases and conditions, including HIV, TB, cholera, and cancer.
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Which of the following statements are correct ? 1. PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients. 2. A single - stranded DNA or RNA , tagged with a radioactive molecule (probe) is allowed to hybridize to its complementary DNA in a clone of cells followed by detection using autoradiography. 3. ElISA is based on the principle of antigen - antibody interaction. 4. Today transgenic models exist for many human diseases such as cancer , cystic fibrosis , rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's

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