To analyze the statements provided in the question, we will evaluate each statement regarding thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and excretion, and determine their validity.
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Understanding Thermoregulation, Osmoregulation, and Excretion**:
- Thermoregulation refers to the process by which organisms maintain their body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is different.
- Osmoregulation is the control of water and electrolyte balance within the body.
- Excretion is the removal of waste products from metabolism and other non-useful materials.
2. **Evaluating Statement I**:
- Statement I claims that thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and excretion are mechanisms that moderate change in the body. This statement is **true** as these processes help maintain homeostasis.
3. **Evaluating Statement II**:
- Statement II states that 99% of animals and almost all plants are conformers. This statement is **false**. While many organisms are conformers, a significant number of animals (especially mammals and birds) are regulators.
4. **Evaluating Statement III**:
- Statement III claims that heat loss or heat gain is a function of surface area. This statement is **true**. The surface area-to-volume ratio plays a crucial role in how organisms exchange heat with their environment.
5. **Evaluating Statement IV**:
- Statement IV states that thermoregulation is the least energetically expensive process for many organisms like shrews and hummingbirds. This statement is **false**. Thermoregulation can be energetically costly, especially for small animals with high metabolic rates.
6. **Evaluating Statement V**:
- Statement V claims that 99% of animals are thermoregulators. This statement is **false**. While many animals regulate their body temperature, not all do.
7. **Evaluating Statement VI**:
- Statement VI states that Archaebacteria cannot tolerate high temperatures. This statement is **false**. In fact, many Archaebacteria, such as thermophiles, thrive in high-temperature environments.
### Summary of Validity:
- Statement I: True
- Statement II: False
- Statement III: True
- Statement IV: False
- Statement V: False
- Statement VI: False
### Final Conclusion:
Based on the evaluations, the only true statements are I and III. The remaining statements (II, IV, V, VI) are false.
