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The fitness of one species (measured in ...

The fitness of one species (measured in terms of its 'r', the intrinsic rate of increase) is significantly lower in the presence of another species. The above phenomenon refers to -

A

Competition

B

Symbiosis

C

Commensalism

D

Protocooperation

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the phenomenon where the fitness of one species (measured in terms of its 'r', the intrinsic rate of increase) is significantly lower in the presence of another species, we can follow these steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding the Concept of 'r':** - The intrinsic rate of increase (denoted as 'r') is a measure of how quickly a species can grow in population under ideal conditions. It reflects the potential reproductive capacity of the species. 2. **Analyzing the Impact of Another Species:** - When the presence of another species leads to a significant decrease in the 'r' value of the first species, it suggests that the first species is facing some form of negative interaction with the second species. 3. **Identifying Types of Interactions:** - There are several ecological interactions that can affect the fitness of a species: - **Competition:** Occurs when two species compete for the same resources (food, space, etc.), leading to a decrease in the fitness of one or both species. - **Symbiosis:** A close and often long-term interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. - **Commensalism:** A type of symbiosis where one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. - **Proto-competition:** This term is less common and generally refers to early stages of competition. 4. **Determining the Correct Interaction:** - Given that the fitness of one species is negatively impacted by the presence of another, the most appropriate term to describe this phenomenon is **competition**. In competition, one species may experience a reduced growth rate (lower 'r') due to resource limitations or other competitive pressures from the other species. 5. **Conclusion:** - Therefore, the phenomenon described in the question refers to **competition**. ### Final Answer: The phenomenon refers to **competition**.
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