Which of the ecological parameters, when represented graphically, show inverted pyramid?

Options

A. Pyramid of number in pond ecosystem.
B. Pyramid of number in parasitic ecosystem
C. Pyramid of biomass in pond ecosystem
D. Both (b) and (c)

Answer

To determine which ecological parameters show an inverted pyramid when represented graphically, we will analyze the options provided and the characteristics of each pyramid type.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Inverted Pyramids**:
- An inverted pyramid occurs when the biomass or number of organisms decreases as you move up the trophic levels. This is contrary to the typical pyramid structure where producers are at the base and are more numerous than consumers.

2. **Analyzing the Pyramid of Numbers in Pond Ecosystem**:
- In a pond ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers typically shows an upright structure. Here, the producers (like phytoplankton) are at the base, and they are more numerous than the primary consumers (like small fish), followed by secondary consumers (larger fish).
- **Conclusion**: This does not represent an inverted pyramid.

3. **Analyzing the Pyramid of Numbers in Parasitic Ecosystem**:
- In a parasitic ecosystem, the number of producers is very low, while the number of primary consumers (parasites) is higher. The top level may consist of hyper-parasites, which are fewer in number.
- **Conclusion**: This represents an inverted pyramid since the number decreases as you move up the trophic levels.

4. **Analyzing the Pyramid of Biomass in Pond Ecosystem**:
- In a pond ecosystem, the biomass of producers (like phytoplankton) is low compared to the biomass of primary consumers (small fish) and secondary consumers (larger fish).
- **Conclusion**: This also represents an inverted pyramid since the biomass decreases as you move up the trophic levels.

5. **Final Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the ecological parameters that show an inverted pyramid when represented graphically are:
- Pyramid of Numbers in Parasitic Ecosystem
- Pyramid of Biomass in Pond Ecosystem

### Answer:
The ecological parameters that show an inverted pyramid when represented graphically are:
- Pyramid of Numbers in Parasitic Ecosystem
- Pyramid of Biomass in Pond Ecosystem