The theory of island biogeography was first formally proposed by.

Options

A. Simberloff
B. MacArthur and Wilson
C. Whitehead and Jones
D. BrownandKodric-Brown

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks for the scientist who first formally proposed the theory of island biogeography.

2. **Defining Island Biogeography**: Island biogeography is a field of study that examines the ecological relationships and species diversity on islands. It suggests that larger islands tend to support a greater number of species compared to smaller islands.

3. **Identifying Key Scientists**: The theory of island biogeography was formally proposed by Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson in 1967. They conducted research that established the relationship between island size and species diversity.

4. **Evaluating Other Options**: Other scientists mentioned, such as Simberloff, Whitehead, Jones, Brown, and Kodik Brown, contributed to different areas of biology but are not credited with the theory of island biogeography.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the information, the correct answer to the question is MacArthur and Wilson.

**Final Answer**: The theory of island biogeography was first formally proposed by MacArthur and Wilson.

---