Ex situ strategies include -
A. Botanical garden
B. Zoos
C. Seed / Pollen bariks
D. Gene bank and tissue culture

Options

A. A, B
B. A, B, C
C. B, C, D
D. A, B, C, D

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ex Situ Conservation**: Ex situ conservation refers to the conservation of species outside their natural habitats. This strategy is crucial for protecting endangered species and involves various methods to ensure their survival and reproduction in controlled environments.

2. **Identifying Ex Situ Strategies**:
- **A. Botanical Gardens**: These are places where endangered plant species are cultivated and maintained. They provide a controlled environment where plants can grow and reproduce, ensuring their survival.
- **B. Zoos**: Zoos are facilities that house animals in captivity for conservation, education, and research purposes. They play a significant role in breeding programs for endangered species.
- **C. Seed/Pollen Banks**: These are facilities that store seeds and pollen grains to preserve genetic diversity. They ensure that seeds remain viable for long periods and can be used for future planting.
- **D. Gene Banks and Tissue Culture**: Gene banks preserve genetic material, such as DNA, while tissue culture involves growing plant cells in a controlled environment. Both methods are essential for maintaining genetic diversity and can be used for research and restoration efforts.

3. **Conclusion**: All the options listed (A, B, C, and D) are valid ex situ conservation strategies. Therefore, the correct answer is that ex situ strategies include all of the above options.

**Final Answer**: A, B, C, D.

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