Which parameter of a population do ecologists measure to assess extinction risk for a population?

Options

A. genetic variation
B. behavior
C. physiology
D. a, b, and c

Answer

To assess the extinction risk for a population, ecologists measure several key parameters. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of the relevant parameters:

1. **Genetic Variation**:
- Genetic variation refers to the diversity of genes within a population. High genetic variation can enhance a population's ability to adapt to changing environments, thus reducing extinction risk. Conversely, low genetic variation can increase vulnerability to diseases and environmental changes, leading to a higher risk of extinction.

2. **Behavioral Changes**:
- Behavior in animals can significantly influence their survival. Changes in behavior due to environmental pressures or habitat alterations can affect mating, foraging, and predator avoidance. If a population cannot adapt its behavior to new challenges, it may face increased extinction risk.

3. **Physiological Changes**:
- Physiological adaptations are long-term changes in the bodily functions of organisms. These changes can be crucial for survival in changing environments. However, if these changes are maladaptive, they can lead to a decline in population numbers and increase the risk of extinction.

4. **Combining Parameters**:
- Ecologists often consider a combination of these parameters (genetic variation, behavior, and physiology) to assess the overall extinction risk of a population. Each parameter provides insight into the resilience and adaptability of the population.

In conclusion, the correct answer is that ecologists measure genetic variation, behavioral changes, and physiological changes to assess extinction risk for a population.