Each kidney is located at the levels of :-

Options

A. 1st thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae
B. Last lumbar and 3rd sacral vertebrae
C. 3rd thoracic and last lumbar vavrtebrae
D. Last thoracic and 3rd lumbar vertebrae

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Kidney Location**: The question asks about the anatomical location of the kidneys in relation to the vertebral column. The kidneys are primarily located in the lower abdomen.

2. **Vertebral Column Overview**: The vertebral column consists of several sections:
- Cervical (7 vertebrae)
- Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
- Lumbar (5 vertebrae)
- Sacral (5 vertebrae)

3. **Identifying the Relevant Sections**: The kidneys are situated in the lower abdomen, which is between the last thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebrae.

4. **Locating the Specific Vertebrae**:
- The last thoracic vertebra (T12) is the last vertebra of the thoracic region.
- The first lumbar vertebra (L1) is the first vertebra of the lumbar region.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the kidneys are located at the level of the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and the first lumbar vertebra (L1).

6. **Selecting the Correct Option**: Among the provided options, the correct choice will be the one that includes the last thoracic and the first lumbar vertebrae.

**Final Answer**: The kidneys are located at the level of the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and the first lumbar vertebra (L1).

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