Chasmogamous flowers

Options

A. Are similar to flowers of other species with exposed anthers and stigma
B. Are similar to flowers of other species with inclosed anthers and stigma
C. Are invariably autogamous
D. Produce assured seed-set even in the absence of pollinators

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Chasmogamous Flowers**:
- Chasmogamous flowers are defined as open flowers that facilitate cross-pollination. They are characterized by their reproductive organs (anthers and stigma) being exposed, which allows for the attraction of pollinators.

2. **Characteristics of Chasmogamous Flowers**:
- These flowers are typically open in nature, which makes them accessible to various pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other insects. The exposure of the reproductive organs is crucial for the process of cross-pollination.

3. **Comparison with Clastogamous Flowers**:
- In contrast, Clastogamous flowers have their reproductive organs enclosed, which prevents cross-pollination. These flowers are often self-pollinating (autogamous) because their anthers and stigma are not exposed.

4. **Pollination Mechanism**:
- Chasmogamous flowers rely on external agents (pollinators) for pollination, while Clastogamous flowers can produce seeds without the need for pollinators due to their self-pollinating nature.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct definition and characteristics of Chasmogamous flowers highlight their role in promoting genetic diversity through cross-pollination, unlike Clastogamous flowers, which can produce seeds independently of pollinators.