Hardy-weinberg Principle says that.

Options

A. Allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation
B. The gene pool remains a constant
C. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1
D. All of the above

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Hardy-Weinberg Principle**:
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes how allele frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

2. **Key Components of the Principle**:
- The principle states that allele frequencies will remain stable under certain conditions, which include:
- No mutations
- No gene flow (migration)
- Random mating
- Large population size (to minimize genetic drift)
- No selection (natural or artificial)

3. **Mathematical Representation**:
The Hardy-Weinberg Principle can be mathematically expressed through the equations:
- \( p + q = 1 \)
- \( p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \)
Where:
- \( p \) = frequency of the dominant allele
- \( q \) = frequency of the recessive allele
- \( p^2 \) = frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
- \( 2pq \) = frequency of heterozygous individuals
- \( q^2 \) = frequency of homozygous recessive individuals

4. **Implications of the Principle**:
- The principle implies that if the conditions are met, the genetic composition of the population will remain unchanged over time.
- It also indicates that the sum total of the allele frequencies (p and q) will always equal 1, representing the entire gene pool of the population.

5. **Conclusion**:
Based on the Hardy-Weinberg Principle, we can conclude that the allelic frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation, provided that no external factors disrupt this equilibrium.