What is angle between electric field and equipotential surface?

Options

A. `90^(@)` always
B. `0^(@)` always
C. `0^(@)" to "90^(@)`
D. `0^(@)" to "180^(@)`

Answer

To determine the angle between the electric field and the equipotential surface, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Electric Field and Equipotential Surfaces:**
- Electric field lines represent the direction of the force that a positive test charge would experience in the field.
- Equipotential surfaces are surfaces where the electric potential is constant. This means that no work is done when moving a charge along these surfaces.

2. **Visualizing the Scenario:**
- Consider a point charge, say a positive charge (+Q). The electric field lines emanate radially outward from this charge.
- Equipotential surfaces around a point charge are spherical surfaces centered on the charge, where every point on a given surface has the same electric potential.

3. **Analyzing the Relationship:**
- Since the electric field is directed outward from the charge, and the equipotential surfaces are spherical, the electric field lines will intersect the equipotential surfaces at right angles.
- This means that if you were to draw a tangent to the equipotential surface at any point, the electric field line would be perpendicular to this tangent.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Therefore, the angle between the electric field and the equipotential surface is **90 degrees**.

### Final Answer:
The angle between the electric field and the equipotential surface is **90 degrees**.

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