The serum has all of the following except

Options

A. Ions
B. Glucose
C. Clotting factors
D. Amino acids

Answer

To solve the question "The serum has all of the following except," we will analyze the components of serum and compare them with the options provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Serum and Plasma**:
- Serum is the clear liquid that remains after blood has clotted. It is the liquid portion of clotted blood.
- Plasma, on the other hand, is the liquid portion of unclotted blood and contains all blood cells (red and white) and platelets.

2. **Identifying Components of Serum**:
- Since serum is derived from clotted blood, it does not contain clotting factors. Clotting factors, such as fibrinogen, are proteins that help in the clotting process and are present in plasma but absent in serum.

3. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Ions**: These are present in serum as they are part of the liquid component.
- **Glucose**: This is also present in serum as it is a soluble substance that remains after clotting.
- **Clotting Factors**: These are absent in serum because they are used up during the clotting process.
- **Amino Acids**: These are typically present in serum as they are part of the metabolic products in the blood.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the component that is not found in serum is **clotting factors**.

### Final Answer:
The serum has all of the following except **clotting factors**.

---