Aniline when treated with conc. `HNO_3` gives

Options

A. Acetic acid
B. Saccharic acid
C. Gluconic acid
D. Sorbitol

Answer

To solve the question "Aniline when treated with conc. HNO3 gives", we will follow these steps:

### Step 1: Understand the Reactants
Aniline is an aromatic amine with the chemical formula C6H5NH2. When treated with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), it undergoes a chemical reaction.

**Hint:** Identify the structure of aniline and the properties of concentrated nitric acid.

### Step 2: Identify the Reaction Type
Concentrated HNO3 is a strong oxidizing agent. When aniline is treated with it, the amino group (-NH2) of aniline can be oxidized.

**Hint:** Consider how oxidizing agents interact with amines and what products they typically form.

### Step 3: Determine the Intermediate Product
In the presence of concentrated nitric acid, aniline can first form an intermediate called anilinium nitrate (C6H5NH3^+ NO3^-). This occurs due to the protonation of the amino group by the acid.

**Hint:** Think about how acids interact with amines and what kind of intermediate might be formed.

### Step 4: Identify the Final Product
The oxidation of aniline leads to the formation of p-benzoquinone (C6H4O2), which is a product of the oxidation process. The structure of p-benzoquinone is characterized by a six-membered ring with two carbonyl groups.

**Hint:** Recall the structure of p-benzoquinone and how it relates to the oxidation of aniline.

### Step 5: Write the Overall Reaction
The overall reaction can be summarized as follows:
\[ \text{C6H5NH2} + \text{HNO3} \rightarrow \text{C6H4O2} + \text{other products} \]

Thus, the final product when aniline is treated with concentrated HNO3 is p-benzoquinone.

**Final Answer:** The product is p-benzoquinone.