Ecological succession is

Options

A. Directional but unpredictable.
B. Directional and predictables.
C. Gradual and predictable.
D. Directionless and unpredictable.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Ecological Succession**:
- Ecological succession refers to the process through which ecosystems change and develop over time. It involves a series of progressive changes in the species composition of a community.

2. **Characteristics of Ecological Succession**:
- It is a **directional** process, meaning it follows a specific pathway or sequence of changes.
- It is also **predictable**, as ecologists can anticipate the types of species that will appear at different stages of succession.

3. **Initiation of Succession**:
- Succession begins when an area is disturbed and becomes partially or completely devoid of vegetation. This can occur due to various disturbances such as natural disasters (e.g., volcanic eruptions, fires) or human activities.

4. **Stages of Succession**:
- The process involves several stages, starting from pioneer species that colonize the area, followed by intermediate species, and eventually leading to a stable community known as the **climax community**.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since ecological succession is characterized by a directional change in species composition over time and is predictable, the correct answer to the question is that ecological succession is **directional and predictable**.

**Final Answer**: Ecological succession is directional and predictable.

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