Endothecium and tapetum in anther are derived from

Options

A. Primary sporogenous layer
B. Primary parietal layer
C. Both primary sporogenous layer and Primary parietal layer
D. None of the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding the derivation of endothecium and tapetum in the anther, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Structure of Anther**: The anther is a part of the stamen in flowering plants and is responsible for producing pollen. It consists of several layers, including the outer layer (epidermis), the middle layer (endothecium), and the inner layer (tapetum).

2. **Identify the Layers**: The anther has two main types of layers:
- **Primary Sporogenous Layer**: This layer is responsible for producing microspore mother cells, which eventually develop into pollen grains.
- **Primary Parietal Layer**: This layer gives rise to the outer and inner layers of the anther, which include the endothecium and tapetum.

3. **Determine the Origin of Endothecium and Tapetum**:
- The **endothecium** is formed from the outer part of the primary parietal layer. It plays a role in the dehiscence of the anther to release pollen.
- The **tapetum** is derived from the inner part of the primary parietal layer. It is a nutritive layer that provides essential nutrients to the developing pollen grains.

4. **Analyze the Options**:
- **Primary Sporogenous Layer**: Incorrect, as it primarily forms microspore mother cells.
- **Primary Parietal Layer**: Correct, as it gives rise to both endothecium and tapetum.
- **Both Primary Sporogenous Layer and Primary Parietal Layer**: Incorrect, since only the primary parietal layer contributes to endothecium and tapetum.
- **None of the Above**: Incorrect, as we have identified the correct layer.

5. **Conclusion**: The correct answer is that both endothecium and tapetum in the anther are derived from the **primary parietal layer**.

### Final Answer:
**Primary Parietal Layer**

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