Which law states that each gamete has an equal chance of possessing either member of a pair of homologous chromosomes?

Options

A. Segregation
B. Independent assortment
C. Dominance
D. All of the above

Answer

To answer the question, "Which law states that each gamete has an equal chance of possessing either member of a pair of homologous chromosomes?", we need to analyze the options provided and understand the relevant genetic principles.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Gametes and Chromosomes**:
- Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm and egg in animals) that are haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. In diploid organisms, chromosomes exist in pairs known as homologous chromosomes.

2. **Identifying the Laws of Inheritance**:
- Gregor Mendel, known as the father of genetics, formulated three key laws based on his experiments with pea plants:
- **Law of Segregation**: This law states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait segregate from each other. Each gamete thus receives one allele from each pair of homologous chromosomes.
- **Law of Independent Assortment**: This law states that the alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.
- **Law of Dominance**: This law states that when two different alleles are present, one allele may mask the expression of the other.

3. **Analyzing the Question**:
- The question specifically asks about the law that states each gamete has an equal chance of possessing either member of a pair of homologous chromosomes. This description aligns with the **Law of Segregation**.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is the **Law of Segregation**.

### Final Answer:
The law that states each gamete has an equal chance of possessing either member of a pair of homologous chromosomes is the **Law of Segregation**.

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