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In the year 1963, the two enzymes respon...

In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E. coli were isolated. One of these added methyl groups to DNA, while the other cut DNA. The latter was called

A

The enzyme that joins the cleaved DNA

B

The enzyme that joins the cleaved DNA

C

the enzyme that cleaves DNA

D

More than one option is correct

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the enzyme responsible for cutting DNA in E. coli, we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Identify the Context In 1963, two enzymes were isolated that restricted the growth of bacteriophages in E. coli. One enzyme was responsible for adding methyl groups to DNA, while the other was responsible for cutting DNA. **Hint:** Focus on the function of the enzymes mentioned in the question. ### Step 2: Understand the Function of Each Enzyme - The enzyme that adds methyl groups to DNA is known as a **methyltransferase**. Its primary role is to modify DNA, which can affect gene expression and protect the DNA from being cut by restriction enzymes. - The enzyme that cuts DNA is crucial for the defense mechanism against bacteriophages. **Hint:** Recall the roles of enzymes in molecular biology, especially in the context of DNA manipulation. ### Step 3: Identify the Cutting Enzyme The enzyme that cuts DNA is known as a **restriction endonuclease**. These enzymes recognize specific sequences in the DNA and cleave the DNA at or near these sites. **Hint:** Think about the common terminology used in genetics and molecular biology for enzymes that cut DNA. ### Step 4: Review the Options Given the context, we can analyze the options: 1. The enzyme that joins the cleaved DNA - This is incorrect; the enzyme that performs this function is DNA ligase. 2. The enzyme that cleaves the DNA - This is correct; it refers to restriction endonuclease. 3. The enzyme that adds methyl groups to DNA - This is incorrect; it refers to methyltransferase. **Hint:** Match the function described in the question to the correct terminology used in molecular biology. ### Conclusion The enzyme responsible for cutting DNA, as described in the question, is known as **restriction endonuclease**. **Final Answer:** Restriction endonuclease.
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