The outer and inner pleural membrane is in close contact with

Options

A. Pericardium of heart
B. Thoracic lining and lung surface
C. Liver hepatocytes
D. All of these

Answer

To solve the question regarding the outer and inner pleural membranes, we need to understand the anatomy of the pleura and its relationship with the surrounding structures.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Pleural Membranes**: The pleura consists of two layers: the outer pleura (parietal pleura) and the inner pleura (visceral pleura). The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity, while the visceral pleura covers the lungs.

2. **Identifying the Outer Pleura**: The outer pleura, or parietal pleura, is in close contact with the thoracic cavity's lining. This means it adheres to the inner surface of the rib cage and the diaphragm.

3. **Identifying the Inner Pleura**: The inner pleura, or visceral pleura, is in close contact with the surface of the lungs. It directly covers the lung tissue.

4. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the outer pleural membrane is in close contact with the thoracic lining, and the inner pleural membrane is in close contact with the lung surface.

5. **Final Answer**: The correct answer to the question is that the outer and inner pleural membranes are in close contact with the thoracic lining and the lung surface, respectively.