Gabriel phthalimide synthesis can be used to prepare:

Options

A. Only primary aromatic amine
B. Only primary aliphatic amine
C. Only primary and secondary amine
D. All types of amine

Answer

To solve the question regarding the product formed in the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, we can break down the process step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Phthalimide Structure**:
- Phthalimide is a cyclic imide with the structure:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_4(\text{C(O)N})_2 \]
- It consists of a benzene ring attached to a phthalimide group (C=O, C=O, N).

2. **Reaction with KOH**:
- When phthalimide reacts with potassium hydroxide (KOH), it undergoes deprotonation:
\[ \text{Phthalimide} + \text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{Potassium phthalimide} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- The hydroxide ion (OH⁻) from KOH abstracts a proton (H⁺) from the nitrogen of phthalimide, leading to the formation of potassium phthalimide.

3. **Alkylation with R-X**:
- The potassium phthalimide can then react with an alkyl halide (R-X):
\[ \text{Potassium phthalimide} + \text{R-X} \rightarrow \text{Phthalimide-R} + \text{KX} \]
- Here, the R group replaces the potassium ion, resulting in the formation of a new compound.

4. **Hydrolysis with NaOH**:
- The final step involves hydrolysis of the phthalimide-R compound with aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH):
\[ \text{Phthalimide-R} + \text{NaOH} \rightarrow \text{R-NH}_2 + \text{Phthalic acid} \]
- This reaction yields a primary aliphatic amine (R-NH₂) and phthalic acid as by-products.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The product obtained from the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a primary aliphatic amine (R-NH₂).

### Final Answer:
The product formed in the Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a **primary aliphatic amine**.

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