During an accident, the hypothalamus of a person is damaged. Which of the following function/s will be impaired in such a person?

Options

A. Decision making and memory
B. Speech and voluntary movements
C. Regulation of sexual behaviour and synthesis of vasopressin
D. Motor functions and hormonal release of the pineal gland.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the impairment of functions due to damage to the hypothalamus, we will analyze each option provided and determine which functions are directly related to the hypothalamus.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Functions of the Hypothalamus**:
The hypothalamus is responsible for various functions, including the regulation of body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotional activity, and hormonal release, particularly the synthesis of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).

2. **Evaluate Each Option**:
- **Option 1: Decision Making and Memory**:
These functions are primarily associated with the cerebrum, not the hypothalamus. Therefore, they would not be impaired by damage to the hypothalamus.

- **Option 2: Speech and Voluntary Movements**:
Speech is linked to areas in the cerebrum (Wernicke's area), and voluntary movements are controlled by the basal ganglia. Thus, these functions would also remain intact despite hypothalamic damage.

- **Option 3: Motor Function and Hormonal Release of the Pineal Gland**:
The motor functions are not directly controlled by the hypothalamus, and the pineal gland primarily regulates melatonin, not directly influenced by hypothalamic damage. Hence, this option is not correct.

- **Option 4: Regulation of Sexual Behavior and Synthesis of Vasopressin**:
Sexual behavior is influenced by the limbic system, which is connected to the hypothalamus. Additionally, vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. Damage to the hypothalamus would impair both these functions.

3. **Conclusion**:
Based on the analysis, the correct answer is that the functions related to the regulation of sexual behavior and the synthesis of vasopressin would be impaired due to damage to the hypothalamus.

### Final Answer:
The functions that will be impaired in a person with hypothalamic damage are the regulation of sexual behavior and the synthesis of vasopressin.

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