An interesting observation supporting evolution by natural selection comes from England. In a collection of moths made in the 1850s (before industrialization) . Which of the following were true at that time ?
P - Pollution was very less.
Q - Thick growth of almost white - colored lichen covered the moths.
R - Dark coloured moths were picked out by predators.

Options

A. P only
B. P,Q and R
C. Q and R
D. P and R

Answer

To solve the question regarding the observations supporting evolution by natural selection in moths collected in England during the 1850s, we will analyze each statement provided:

### Step 1: Analyze Statement P
**Statement P:** Pollution was very less.
- Before industrialization, pollution levels were indeed low. This statement is **true**.

### Step 2: Analyze Statement Q
**Statement Q:** Thick growth of almost white-colored lichen covered the moths.
- The lichen that grew on trees was typically light-colored, but it did not cover the moths themselves. Instead, the moths blended in with their environment. This statement is **false**.

### Step 3: Analyze Statement R
**Statement R:** Dark colored moths were picked out by predators.
- In the context of the environment before industrialization, the lighter-colored moths were better camouflaged against the light-colored tree bark, while dark moths were more visible to predators. Therefore, this statement is **true**.

### Conclusion
Based on the analysis:
- Statement P is true.
- Statement Q is false.
- Statement R is true.

Thus, the correct observations that were true at that time are P and R.

### Final Answer
The correct statements are P and R.

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