Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by the attack of the body on its own cells?

Options

A. Diabetes inscipidus
B. Malaria
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Tuberculosis

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following is an example of a disease caused by the attack of the body on its own cells?" we need to analyze each of the provided options and identify which one is an autoimmune disease.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Autoimmune Diseases**:
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. This happens when the immune system fails to differentiate between self-cells and foreign pathogens.

2. **Analyzing the Options**:
- **Diabetes**: This is a metabolic disorder related to insulin production and glucose metabolism. It is not classified as an autoimmune disease.
- **Encephalitis**: This is an inflammation of the brain, often caused by infections (viral or bacterial), and is not an autoimmune disease.
- **Malaria**: This is caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by mosquitoes. It is not an autoimmune disease.
- **Rheumatoid Arthritis**: This is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the joints, leading to inflammation and pain.
- **Tuberculosis**: This is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is not an autoimmune disease.

3. **Identifying the Correct Answer**:
- Among the options, **Rheumatoid Arthritis** is the only disease that is caused by the body attacking its own cells, making it an autoimmune disorder.

### Conclusion:
The correct answer is **Rheumatoid Arthritis**.