In which of the following condition, the genetic equilibrium will not be hampered for a species?

Options

A. Sexual selection
B. Random mating
C. Mutation
D. Gene flow

Answer

To determine the condition in which genetic equilibrium will not be hampered for a species, we can refer to the Hardy-Weinberg principle. This principle outlines the conditions necessary for a population to remain in genetic equilibrium, meaning that the allele frequencies in the population remain constant over generations.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Genetic Equilibrium**: Genetic equilibrium refers to a state where the genetic composition of a population remains stable over time. This is described by the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

2. **Identifying Factors that Disrupt Genetic Equilibrium**: The Hardy-Weinberg principle identifies several factors that can disrupt genetic equilibrium:
- **Gene Migration**: Introduction or removal of alleles due to movement of individuals between populations.
- **Genetic Drift**: Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations.
- **Mutation**: Changes in DNA that can introduce new alleles into a population.
- **Natural Selection**: Differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on their traits.
- **Sexual Selection**: Preference for certain traits in mates, leading to changes in allele frequencies.

3. **Evaluating the Options**:
- **Option 1: Sexual Selection**: This causes genetic recombination and can disrupt genetic equilibrium. **(Incorrect)**
- **Option 2: Random Mating**: This does not introduce any bias in allele frequencies and maintains genetic equilibrium. **(Correct)**
- **Option 3: Mutation**: This introduces new alleles and disrupts genetic equilibrium. **(Incorrect)**
- **Option 4: Gene Flow**: This involves the exchange of genes between populations, which can disrupt genetic equilibrium. **(Incorrect)**

4. **Conclusion**: The only condition that does not disrupt genetic equilibrium is random mating. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 2: Random Mating**.