Read the following statements. Identify which of them are true and which of them are false and select the correct option.
I. Ascaris, commonly known as pinworm, is responsible for causing ascariasis.
II. The acid present in the stomach acts as a physiological barrier and prevents microbial growth.
III. The pathogen responsible for causing elephantiasis is a fungus belonging to genus Microsporum.
IV Infection diseases like tetanus and pneumonia have been largely controller using vaccines.

Options

A. A - True, B - False , C - True , D - False
B. A -False , B - True, C - False , D - True
C. A -False , B - True, C - True , D - False
D. A -False , B - False, C - True , D - True

Answer

To solve the question, we need to evaluate each of the four statements provided and determine whether they are true or false.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Evaluate Statement I**: "Ascaris, commonly known as pinworm, is responsible for causing ascariasis."
- **Analysis**: Ascaris is actually known as the roundworm, not pinworm. The pinworm is a different species, known scientifically as Enterobius vermicularis. Ascaris lumbricoides is responsible for ascariasis.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **False**.

2. **Evaluate Statement II**: "The acid present in the stomach acts as a physiological barrier and prevents microbial growth."
- **Analysis**: The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid, which creates an acidic environment that helps kill bacteria and other pathogens, thus acting as a barrier to microbial growth.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **True**.

3. **Evaluate Statement III**: "The pathogen responsible for causing elephantiasis is a fungus belonging to genus Microsporum."
- **Analysis**: Elephantiasis is caused by filarial nematodes, specifically Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi, not by fungi. The genus Microsporum is associated with dermatophyte fungi that cause skin infections, not elephantiasis.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **False**.

4. **Evaluate Statement IV**: "Infection diseases like tetanus and pneumonia have been largely controlled using vaccines."
- **Analysis**: Vaccines are available for both tetanus (tetanus toxoid vaccine) and pneumonia (pneumococcal vaccine), and they have significantly reduced the incidence of these diseases.
- **Conclusion**: This statement is **True**.

### Summary of Statements:
- Statement I: **False**
- Statement II: **True**
- Statement III: **False**
- Statement IV: **True**

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **B**: A false, B true, C false, D true.

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