Which of the following statements regarding species interdependence are true?
1. An association of two species where one is benefited and other remains unaffected is called mutualism.
2. An interspecific association where both partners derive from each other is called commensalism.
3. A direct food relation between two species of animals in which one animals kills and feeds on another is referred as predation.
4. A relationship between two species of organism where both the partners are benefited from each other is called symbiosis.

Options

A. I and II only
B. III and IV only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only

Answer

To determine which statements regarding species interdependence are true, let's analyze each statement one by one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Statement 1**: "An association of two species where one is benefited and the other remains unaffected is called mutualism."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. The correct term for an association where one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed is called **commensalism**. Mutualism refers to a relationship where both species benefit.

2. **Statement 2**: "An interspecific association where both partners derive from each other is called commensalism."
- **Analysis**: This statement is also incorrect. The correct term for an association where both species benefit from each other is called **mutualism**. Commensalism, as mentioned earlier, involves one species benefiting while the other is unaffected.

3. **Statement 3**: "A direct food relation between two species of animals in which one animal kills and feeds on another is referred to as predation."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. Predation is indeed a relationship where one organism (the predator) kills and consumes another organism (the prey), resulting in the predator benefiting and the prey being harmed.

4. **Statement 4**: "A relationship between two species of organisms where both partners are benefited from each other is called symbiosis."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, where both benefit.

### Conclusion:
- **True Statements**:
- Statement 3 is true (predation).
- Statement 4 is true (symbiosis).

- **False Statements**:
- Statement 1 is false (it describes commensalism, not mutualism).
- Statement 2 is false (it describes mutualism, not commensalism).

Thus, the correct answers are **Statement 3 and Statement 4**.