Soil erosion and desertification is due to human activity like

Options

A. Overcultivation
B. Unrestricted grazing
C. Increased urbanisation
D. All of the above

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Soil Erosion and Desertification:**
- Soil erosion is the process where the upper layer of soil is removed or displaced, leading to a loss of soil fertility and nutrients.
- Desertification refers to the degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas, resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities.

2. **Identifying Human Activities Contributing to Soil Erosion and Desertification:**
- Human activities that contribute to soil erosion and desertification include:
- **Over Cultivation:** This involves repeatedly planting the same crop without allowing the soil to recover, which depletes nutrients and leads to soil degradation.
- **Unrestricted Grazing:** Allowing livestock to graze without restrictions can lead to overgrazing, which damages vegetation cover and exposes soil to erosion.
- **Increased Urbanization:** Urban development often leads to land degradation through construction, pollution, and the introduction of impervious surfaces that prevent water absorption, contributing to soil erosion.

3. **Evaluating the Options:**
- **Option A: Over Cultivation** - Correct. It leads to nutrient depletion and soil erosion.
- **Option B: Unrestricted Grazing** - Correct. It can cause soil compaction and loss of vegetation cover.
- **Option C: Increased Urbanization** - Correct. It contributes to soil degradation through pollution and land use changes.
- **Option D: All of the Above** - Correct. All the mentioned activities contribute to soil erosion and desertification.

4. **Conclusion:**
- Since all the options (over cultivation, unrestricted grazing, and increased urbanization) are human activities that lead to soil erosion and desertification, the correct answer is **D: All of the above**.