Electroporation is a technique that can be used for genetic engineering . This technique enables gene manipulation by

Options

A. Opening of stomatal pores during night by artificial light
B. Purification of saline water with the assist of a membrane system
C. Making transient pores in cell membrane to introduce gene constructs
D. Fast passage of food through sieve pores in phloem elements with the help of electric stimulation

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Electroporation**: Electroporation is a technique used in molecular biology to introduce foreign DNA into cells. This is achieved by applying an electrical field to the cells.

2. **Mechanism of Electroporation**: When an electric field is applied, it creates transient pores in the cell membrane. These pores increase the permeability of the membrane, allowing substances such as DNA, RNA, or other chemicals to enter the cell.

3. **Applications in Genetic Engineering**: Electroporation is commonly used to transform various types of cells, including bacteria, yeast, and plant protoplasts. It enables the introduction of new genetic material, which can lead to the expression of new traits or characteristics in the organism.

4. **Identifying the Correct Option**: The question provides several options regarding how electroporation enables gene manipulation. The correct answer is:
- **Making transient pores in the cell membrane to introduce gene constructs**. This option accurately describes the primary function of electroporation in genetic engineering.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the technique of electroporation is essential for genetic manipulation as it facilitates the introduction of foreign genes into cells by creating temporary openings in the cell membrane.

**Final Answer**: Making transient pores in the cell membrane to introduce gene constructs.

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