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A healthy person and an individual with ...

A healthy person and an individual with emphysema having equal body
mass were made to perform an exercise of the same amount . Their rate of oxygen entering the blood in the lungs was measured and is shown in the table below
`{:(,"Healthy person","Person with emphysema" ),(O_2"entering blood per minute",22 "units",12 "units"):}`
Identify the statements that best explains the above outcome .

A

The healthy person has a slower breathing rate.

B

The healthy person has a smaller lung volume

C

The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli

D

The person with emphysema has larger surface area in alveoli

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the question regarding the differences in oxygen uptake between a healthy person and an individual with emphysema, we can analyze the information provided step by step. ### Step 1: Understand the Context We are comparing two individuals: one healthy and one with emphysema. Both individuals have equal body mass and are performing the same exercise. The key measurement is the rate of oxygen entering the blood in the lungs. ### Step 2: Analyze the Data From the data provided: - Healthy person: 22 units of O2 entering blood per minute. - Person with emphysema: 12 units of O2 entering blood per minute. ### Step 3: Identify the Condition of Emphysema Emphysema is a respiratory condition characterized by damage to the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). This damage leads to a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange, which is crucial for oxygen entering the blood. ### Step 4: Evaluate the Statements 1. **Healthy person has a slower breathing rate**: This is incorrect. A healthy person typically has a faster breathing rate compared to someone with emphysema. 2. **Healthy person has a smaller lung volume**: This is also incorrect. A healthy person generally has a larger lung volume than someone with emphysema. 3. **Person with emphysema has damaged alveoli**: This statement is correct. The damage to the alveoli in emphysema leads to reduced oxygen absorption. 4. **Person with emphysema has a larger surface area in alveoli**: This statement is incorrect. Emphysema results in a smaller surface area for gas exchange due to the destruction of alveolar walls. ### Conclusion The statement that best explains the outcome is that the person with emphysema has damaged alveoli, which leads to a reduced rate of oxygen entering the blood. ### Final Answer The correct statement is: "The person with emphysema has damaged alveoli." ---
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When a sound wave enters the ear, it sets the eardrum into oscillation, which in turn causes oscillation of 3 tiny bones in the middle ear called ossicles. This oscillation is finally transmitted to the fluid filled in inner portion of the ear termed as inner ear, the motion of the fluid disturbs hair cells within the inner ear which transmit nerve impulses to the brain with the information that a sound is present. The theree bones present in the middle ear are named as hammer, anvil and stirrup. Out of these the stirrup is the smallest one and this only connects the middle ear to inner ear as shown in the figure below. The area of stirrup and its extent of connection with the inner ear limits the sensitivity of the human ear consider a person's ear whose moving part of the eardrum has an area of about 50mm^2 and the area of stirrup is about 5mm^2 . The mass of ossicles is negligible. As a result, force exerted by sound wave in air on eardum and ossicles is same as the force exerted by ossicles on the inner ear. Consider a sound wave having maximum pressure fluctuation of 4xx10^-2Pa from its normal equilibrium pressure value which is equal to 10^5Pa . Frequency of sound wave in air is 332(m)/(s) . Velocity of sound wave in fluid (present in inner ear) is 1500(m)/(s) . Bulk modulus of air is 1.42xx10^5Pa . Bulk modulus of fluid is 2.18xx10^9Pa . Q. With respect to information provided above, mark the correct statement.

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