Which of the following statements is correct about the thyroid gland ?

Options

A. It is composed of two lobes situated on either side of the esophagus.
B. The follicular cells of the thyroid gland are responsible for secretion of hormones.
C. Exophthalmic goitre is a form of hypothyroidism .
D. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective foetal development.

Answer

To determine which statement is correct about the thyroid gland, let's analyze each option step by step.

### Step 1: Understand the Structure of the Thyroid Gland
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland located in the neck region. It is composed of two lobes.

**Hint:** Remember the anatomical location of the thyroid gland in relation to other structures in the neck.

### Step 2: Evaluate the First Statement
The first statement claims that the thyroid gland is composed of two lobes situated on either side of the esophagus. While it is true that the thyroid gland has two lobes, they are located on either side of the trachea (windpipe), not the esophagus (food pipe).

**Hint:** Identify the correct anatomical structures surrounding the thyroid gland.

### Step 3: Evaluate the Second Statement
The second statement asserts that the follicular cells of the thyroid gland are responsible for the secretion of hormones. This is correct, as the follicular cells produce the thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine).

**Hint:** Recall the role of follicular cells in hormone production.

### Step 4: Evaluate the Third Statement
The third statement mentions that exophthalmic goiter is a form of hypothyroidism. This is incorrect. Exophthalmic goiter is associated with hyperthyroidism, where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as bulging eyes.

**Hint:** Differentiate between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism based on hormone levels.

### Step 5: Evaluate the Fourth Statement
The fourth statement claims that hyperthyroidism during pregnancy can cause defective fetal development. This is also incorrect. It is hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones) during pregnancy that can lead to developmental issues in the fetus.

**Hint:** Consider the effects of hormone levels on fetal development.

### Conclusion
After evaluating all the statements, the only correct statement is the second one: "The follicular cells of the thyroid glands are responsible for the secretion of hormones."

**Final Answer:** The correct statement about the thyroid gland is the second one.

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