Jay fell ill after having sandwich which was kept in the refrigerator. But bacteria / viruses do not survive in cold temperatures , so which response must have the micro -organism adapted to in order to survive

Options

A. Migration
B. Conformation
C. Suspension
D. Regulation

Answer

To solve the question regarding how microorganisms like bacteria and viruses can survive in cold temperatures, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Problem**:
- Jay fell ill after consuming a sandwich kept in the refrigerator.
- It is known that bacteria and viruses generally do not survive in cold temperatures.

2. **Identifying Microorganism Adaptations**:
- Microorganisms have adaptations that allow them to survive unfavorable conditions, such as cold temperatures.

3. **Evaluating Possible Responses**:
- **Migration**: This is the movement of organisms to more favorable conditions. However, bacteria and viruses do not migrate; they remain in one place. Thus, this option is not applicable.
- **Conformation**: This refers to organisms that do not have adaptations to maintain homeostasis. Bacteria and viruses cannot conform to cold temperatures, so this option is also not applicable.
- **Regulation**: This involves maintaining a constant internal environment (homeostasis). Advanced organisms like humans can regulate their body temperature, but bacteria and viruses do not possess this ability. Therefore, this option is not correct.
- **Suspension**: This is when metabolic activities are suspended or slowed down in response to unfavorable conditions. Bacteria and viruses can enter a dormant state when exposed to cold temperatures, halting their metabolic processes. When they enter a host body, they find favorable conditions to reactivate and cause infection.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The correct response is **suspension**, as it explains how bacteria and viruses can survive cold temperatures by entering a dormant state until they find suitable conditions to reactivate.

### Final Answer:
The microorganisms must have adapted by entering a state of **suspension** to survive in cold temperatures.

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