Darwin's finches on Galapagos islands are example of

Options

A. Adaptive radiation
B. Divergent evolution
C. Biogeographical evidence
D. All of the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding Darwin's finches on the Galapagos Islands, we will analyze the options provided and understand the concepts involved.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Darwin's Finches**:
- Darwin's finches are a group of about 15 species of passerine birds found primarily on the Galapagos Islands. They were first collected by Charles Darwin during his second voyage on the HMS Beagle.

2. **Identifying Adaptive Radiation**:
- Adaptive radiation refers to the process by which organisms diversify rapidly into a wide variety of forms to adapt to different environments. In the case of Darwin's finches, they evolved from a common ancestor into various species, each adapted to different ecological niches on the islands.

3. **Recognizing Divergent Evolution**:
- Divergent evolution occurs when two or more related species become more dissimilar over time, often due to different environmental pressures. The finches have diverged from their common ancestor into distinct species with different beak shapes and sizes, adapted for various food sources.

4. **Considering Biogeographical Evidence**:
- Biogeographical evidence refers to the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. The fact that these finches are primarily found on the Galapagos Islands, with the exception of the Cocos finch from Cocos Island, supports the idea of biogeographical evidence as it illustrates how species are distributed based on geographical isolation.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Since Darwin's finches exemplify adaptive radiation, divergent evolution, and provide biogeographical evidence, the correct answer to the question is **"all of the above."**

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **"all of the above."**

---