In mung bean , resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by

Options

A. selection breeding
B. artificial cross
C. mutation breeding
D. pureline breeding

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution

1. **Understanding the Question**: The question asks about how mung bean (moong bean) has developed resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.

2. **Identifying Traditional Methods**: Traditionally, plant breeding involved selecting superior parent plants and cross-pollinating them to combine desirable traits in the offspring. This process includes methods like selection breeding, artificial crossing, and pureline breeding.

3. **Introduction to Modern Techniques**: With advancements in biotechnology, new methods have been developed to induce desirable traits in plants more efficiently.

4. **Focus on Mutation Breeding**: In the case of mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew has been specifically induced through mutation breeding. This method involves inducing changes at the genetic level.

5. **Understanding Mutation**: Mutation refers to a change in the DNA of an organism. Various agents can cause mutations, including physical agents like ionizing radiation.

6. **Application of Ionizing Radiation**: In mutation breeding, mung bean plants are exposed to mutagenic agents such as ionizing radiation. This exposure can lead to changes in the DNA of the plants.

7. **Selection of Resistant Varieties**: After exposure to radiation, the plants are evaluated to identify those that exhibit resistance to the yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew. The plants that show these desirable traits are selected for further breeding.

8. **Conclusion**: Thus, the resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew in mung bean has been successfully induced through mutation breeding, which involves the use of ionizing radiation to create genetic changes.