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Causes of extinction of stellar's sea co...

Causes of extinction of stellar's sea cow of Russia and passenger pigeon is

A

over-exploitation by humans

B

alien species invasion

C

habitat loss and fragmentation

D

co-extinction

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The correct Answer is:
**Step-by-Step Solution:** 1. **Understanding Extinction**: Extinction refers to the end of an organism or a group of organisms, typically due to a significant decline in population that cannot be reversed. 2. **Identifying the Species**: The question mentions two specific species: Steller's sea cow and the passenger pigeon. Both are known to be extinct. 3. **Recognizing Human Impact**: It is crucial to acknowledge that human activities have significantly contributed to the extinction of many species. This includes overhunting, habitat destruction, and other forms of exploitation. 4. **The Evil Quartet**: There are four main reasons for species extinction, often referred to as the "evil quartet." These include: - Overexploitation - Habitat loss - Invasive species - Co-extinction 5. **Analyzing Steller's Sea Cow**: Steller's sea cow was a large marine mammal that was hunted extensively by humans for its meat and hide. Being a docile creature, it was unable to escape from human hunters, leading to its rapid decline and eventual extinction. 6. **Analyzing Passenger Pigeon**: The passenger pigeon was once one of the most abundant bird species in North America. However, it was hunted on a massive scale for its meat, and the population was not able to recover due to the intensity of hunting and habitat destruction. 7. **Conclusion**: Both Steller's sea cow and passenger pigeon went extinct primarily due to overexploitation by humans. This highlights the need for sustainable practices in utilizing natural resources to prevent further extinctions. **Final Answer**: The causes of extinction of Steller's sea cow and passenger pigeon are primarily due to overexploitation by humans. ---
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Mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic era was probably caused by