For the following pattern of hybridization shown by the central atom, `{:(sp,sp^2,sp^3,sp^3d),((1),(2),(3),"(4)"):}` which of the following options represent the correct sequence of hybridisation , i.e according to the sequence mentioned above ?

Options

A. `H_2O,CO_2,BF_3,PCl_5`
B. `CO_2,H_2O,BF_3,PCl_5`
C. `CO_2,BF_3,H_2O,PCl_5`
D. `H_2O,CO_2,PCl_5,BF_3`

Answer

To solve the question regarding the hybridization of the central atom in different molecules, we will analyze each molecule step by step and determine its hybridization. The molecules we need to evaluate are water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), boron trifluoride (BF₃), and phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅).

### Step 1: Determine the Hybridization of Each Molecule

1. **Water (H₂O)**:
- Valence electrons of oxygen = 6
- Number of hydrogen atoms (monovalent) = 2
- Hybridization formula:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \frac{1}{2} \left( \text{Valence electrons} + \text{Monovalent atoms} - \text{Cationic charge} + \text{Anionic charge} \right) \]
- Calculation:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \frac{1}{2} \left( 6 + 2 - 0 + 0 \right) = \frac{1}{2} \times 8 = 4 \quad \text{(sp}^3\text{)} \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of water is **sp³**.

2. **Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)**:
- Valence electrons of carbon = 4
- Number of oxygen atoms (monovalent) = 2
- Calculation:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \frac{1}{2} \left( 4 + 2 - 0 + 0 \right) = \frac{1}{2} \times 6 = 3 \quad \text{(sp)} \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of carbon dioxide is **sp**.

3. **Boron Trifluoride (BF₃)**:
- Valence electrons of boron = 3
- Number of fluorine atoms (monovalent) = 3
- Calculation:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \frac{1}{2} \left( 3 + 3 - 0 + 0 \right) = \frac{1}{2} \times 6 = 3 \quad \text{(sp}^2\text{)} \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of boron trifluoride is **sp²**.

4. **Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl₅)**:
- Valence electrons of phosphorus = 5
- Number of chlorine atoms (monovalent) = 5
- Calculation:
\[ \text{Hybridization} = \frac{1}{2} \left( 5 + 5 - 0 + 0 \right) = \frac{1}{2} \times 10 = 5 \quad \text{(sp}^3\text{d)} \]
- Therefore, the hybridization of phosphorus pentachloride is **sp³d**.

### Step 2: Summary of Hybridization
- Water (H₂O): sp³
- Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): sp
- Boron Trifluoride (BF₃): sp²
- Phosphorus Pentachloride (PCl₅): sp³d

### Step 3: Sequence of Hybridization
According to the question, we need to arrange the hybridizations in the order given:
1. sp
2. sp²
3. sp³
4. sp³d

From our findings:
- sp (CO₂)
- sp² (BF₃)
- sp³ (H₂O)
- sp³d (PCl₅)

The correct sequence is:
1. CO₂ (sp)
2. BF₃ (sp²)
3. H₂O (sp³)
4. PCl₅ (sp³d)

### Final Answer
The correct sequence of hybridization is:
**CO₂ (sp), BF₃ (sp²), H₂O (sp³), PCl₅ (sp³d)**