The callus culture and suspension cultural are used to produce plantlets . They are distinguished by

Options

A. Callus culture is in vitro while suspension is vivo
B. In callus culture shoots are organised whereas in suspension cultural somatic embryo is organised
C. In callus culture hormone is present but in suspension cultural hormone is absent
D. None of the above

Answer

To solve the question regarding the distinction between callus culture and suspension culture in plant tissue culture, we will analyze the characteristics of both methods step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Definition of Callus Culture**:
- Callus culture is an in vitro technique where an unorganized mass of cells, known as callus, is formed from plant tissues (explants) when cultured on a specific growth medium. This medium typically contains agar and nutrients necessary for cell growth. The callus can later differentiate into various plant organs.

2. **Definition of Suspension Culture**:
- Suspension culture, on the other hand, involves the cultivation of single cells or small aggregates of cells that are suspended in a liquid medium. This method allows for the multiplication of cells in a more fluid environment, which is often referred to as cell culture or cell suspension culture.

3. **Organ Differentiation**:
- In callus culture, the cells can undergo organ differentiation, leading to the formation of shoots and roots. This is a crucial step in regenerating whole plants from the callus.
- In suspension culture, the focus is on the proliferation of cells rather than organ formation. Somatic embryos may be formed, but the primary goal is to maintain a cell population.

4. **Hormonal Requirements**:
- Callus culture typically requires plant hormones (such as auxins and cytokinins) to promote cell division and differentiation.
- Suspension culture may not require the same hormonal conditions, as the cells are maintained in a liquid medium that supports their growth without the need for additional hormones.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The main distinctions between callus culture and suspension culture are:
- Callus culture is characterized by the formation of an organized structure (callus) and requires hormones for differentiation.
- Suspension culture involves the growth of cells in a liquid medium and focuses on cell multiplication, often without the need for hormones.

### Final Answer:
The callus culture and suspension culture are distinguished by the fact that callus culture involves organized shoot formation and requires hormones, while suspension culture involves the proliferation of cells in a liquid medium and may not require hormones.