The developmenf of Funaria gametophyte always initiated from :
1) Antheredium
2) Protonema
3) Archegonia
4) Capsule

Options

A. Antheredium
B. Protenema
C. Archegonia
D. Capsule

Answer

To solve the question regarding the development of Funaria gametophyte, we will analyze each option provided:

1. **Antheridium**: This is the male reproductive structure in bryophytes, responsible for producing sperm. However, it does not initiate the development of the gametophyte. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

2. **Protonema**: This is a filamentous structure that develops from the spore of Funaria. It is the first stage of the gametophyte generation and gives rise to the leafy gametophyte. Thus, this option is correct.

3. **Archegonia**: This is the female reproductive structure in bryophytes, where the egg is produced. Similar to antheridia, it does not initiate the development of the gametophyte. Hence, this option is incorrect.

4. **Capsule**: This is the structure that contains and disperses spores. It is part of the sporophyte generation and does not play a role in the initiation of gametophyte development. Therefore, this option is also incorrect.

After evaluating all options, the correct answer is **2) Protonema**.

### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Identify the structures**: Understand the roles of antheridium, protonema, archegonia, and capsule in the life cycle of Funaria.
2. **Evaluate each option**:
- Antheridium: Male structure, does not initiate gametophyte development.
- Protonema: Filamentous structure that arises from spores, initiates gametophyte development.
- Archegonia: Female structure, does not initiate gametophyte development.
- Capsule: Part of the sporophyte, involved in spore dispersal, not in gametophyte initiation.
3. **Conclude**: The protonema is the correct answer as it is the first stage of the gametophyte.