In ecological succession

Options

A. Species response and community response will be observed.
B. Species response and community response will not be observed
C. Only species response is observed without community response
D. neither species response not community response is observed

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ecological Succession**:
- Ecological succession is the process through which the structure of a biological community evolves over time. This can involve changes in species composition, community structure, and ecosystem functions.

2. **Identifying Responses in Succession**:
- During ecological succession, both species responses (how individual species adapt or change) and community responses (how the entire community structure changes) are observed.

3. **Example of Succession**:
- Consider a dirt field that has been ploughed and left alone. Initially, only dirt is present. Over time, different species invade:
- First, wheat grows.
- Then, small shrubs begin to establish.
- Finally, trees start to grow.
- This illustrates both species and community responses as various species colonize the area and change the community structure.

4. **Analyzing the Options**:
- The options presented are:
1. Species response and community response will be observed.
2. Species response and community response will not be observed.
3. Only species response is observed without community response.
4. Neither species response nor community response is observed.
- Based on the explanation of ecological succession, the first option is correct because both responses are indeed observed.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The correct answer to the question is that in ecological succession, both species response and community response will be observed.