What is common in all the three Funaria, Dryopteris and Ginkgo

Options

A. Presence of archegonia
B. Well developed vascular tissues .
C. Independent gametophyte
D. Independent sporophyte

Answer

To solve the question of what is common in Funaria, Dryopteris, and Ginkgo, we will analyze each of these plants and identify their characteristics step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Types of Plants**:
- Funaria: This is a genus of mosses, classified as bryophytes.
- Dryopteris: This is a genus of ferns, classified as pteridophytes.
- Ginkgo: This is a genus of gymnosperms, specifically known for the Ginkgo biloba tree.

2. **Common Characteristics**:
- We need to find a characteristic that is shared among all three types of plants: bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms.

3. **Examine the Options**:
- **Option 1: Archegonia**:
- Archegonia are the female reproductive structures found in bryophytes, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms. Thus, this is a common feature.
- **Option 2: Well-developed vascular tissue**:
- Bryophytes (like Funaria) do not have vascular tissues (xylem and phloem), while pteridophytes and gymnosperms do. Therefore, this is not common.
- **Option 3: Independent gametophyte**:
- Independent gametophytes are present in bryophytes and pteridophytes but not in gymnosperms. Hence, this is not common.
- **Option 4: Independent sporophyte**:
- In bryophytes, the sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte, while in pteridophytes and gymnosperms, the sporophyte is independent. Thus, this is also not common.

4. **Conclusion**:
- The only characteristic that is common to Funaria, Dryopteris, and Ginkgo is the presence of archegonia. Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 1: Archegonia**.