In Funaria , which of the following represents the juvenile state

Options

A. Prothallus
B. Protonema
C. Capsule
D. All

Answer

To solve the question regarding which structure represents the juvenile state in Funaria, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Organism**: Funaria is a type of moss, and it has a life cycle that includes both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages.

2. **Identify the Options**: The options given are:
- A) Prothallus
- B) Protonema
- C) Capsule
- D) All of the above

3. **Analyze Each Option**:
- **Prothallus**: This term generally refers to the gametophyte stage in ferns and some other plants, but it is not typically used to describe the juvenile stage in Funaria.
- **Protonema**: This is the filamentous structure that develops from the spore and represents the juvenile stage of Funaria. It is haploid and autotrophic, meaning it can produce its own food.
- **Capsule**: This part of the plant is associated with the sporophyte stage and is involved in spore production. It is not a juvenile stage.
- **All of the above**: Since not all the options represent the juvenile stage, this option is incorrect.

4. **Conclusion**: The protonema is the correct answer as it represents the juvenile stage in Funaria.

### Final Answer:
The juvenile state in Funaria is represented by **B) Protonema**.

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