In which of the following process maximum energy is released
A) `S_((g))+e^(-) rarr S_((g))^(-)` B) `O_((g))^(-) +e^(-) rarr O_((g))^(-2)` C) `S_((g))^(-)+e^(-) rarr S_((g))^(-2)`

Answer

To determine which process releases the maximum energy, we need to analyze the three given reactions based on their electron affinities.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Electron Affinity**:
- Electron affinity is defined as the energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or ion. The more negative the electron affinity, the more energy is released when an electron is added.

2. **Analyzing Reaction A**:
- Reaction A: \( S_{(g)} + e^- \rightarrow S_{(g)}^{-} \)
- In this reaction, a neutral sulfur atom (S) gains an electron to form a negatively charged sulfur ion (S⁻). Since sulfur is a nonmetal, it has a tendency to gain electrons to achieve a stable electronic configuration. This process releases energy.

3. **Analyzing Reaction B**:
- Reaction B: \( O_{(g)}^{-} + e^- \rightarrow O_{(g)}^{-2} \)
- Here, an already negatively charged oxygen ion (O⁻) gains another electron to form O²⁻. However, since O⁻ already has an extra electron, adding another electron will cause electron-electron repulsion. This means energy must be supplied rather than released.

4. **Analyzing Reaction C**:
- Reaction C: \( S_{(g)}^{-} + e^- \rightarrow S_{(g)}^{-2} \)
- In this case, a negatively charged sulfur ion (S⁻) gains another electron to form S²⁻. Similar to reaction B, the presence of an extra electron leads to repulsion, requiring additional energy input rather than releasing energy.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Among the three reactions, only Reaction A results in the release of energy. Reactions B and C require energy input due to electron repulsion. Therefore, the process that releases the maximum energy is Reaction A.

### Final Answer:
**A) \( S_{(g)} + e^- \rightarrow S_{(g)}^{-} \)** releases the maximum energy.

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