Acid rain is caused because of

Options

A. excess `NO_2 and SO_2` released from burring of fossil fuels
B. excess production of `NH_3` by industry and coal gas
C. excess release of carbon monoxide by incomplete combustion in industries.
D. excess formation of `CO_2` by combustion and animal respiration.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Acid Rain**: Acid rain is precipitation that has a lower pH than normal rainwater, making it acidic. This phenomenon is primarily caused by certain pollutants in the atmosphere.

2. **Identifying Key Pollutants**: The main pollutants responsible for acid rain are sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO2). These gases can react with water vapor in the atmosphere to form acids.

3. **Chemical Reactions**:
- When sulfur dioxide (SO2) is released into the atmosphere, it can react with water (H2O) to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
- Similarly, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can react with water to form nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrous acid (HNO2).

4. **Sources of Pollutants**: The increase in the concentration of SO2 and NO2 in the atmosphere is primarily due to human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) in industries and vehicles.

5. **Conclusion**: Given the options provided:
- Option 1 states that acid rain is caused by excess NO2 and SO2 released from burning fossil fuels. This is correct as it directly links the pollutants to their source.
- Other options mention ammonia, carbon monoxide, and CO2, which are not the primary contributors to acid rain.

6. **Final Answer**: Therefore, the correct answer is **Option 1: Excess NO2 and SO2 released from burning of fossil fuels**.

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