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In the descending order of a group in th...

In the descending order of a group in the periodic table which of the following would be true
1) All the atoms have the same number of valence electrons
2) Gram atomic volume increases
3) Electronegativity decreases
4) Metallic character decrease and basic nature of their oxides decreases
Select the correct answer using the codes

A

2,3 and 4

B

1,2 and 4

C

1,3 and 4

D

1,2 and 3

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To solve the question, we need to analyze each statement regarding the properties of elements as we move down a group in the periodic table. Let's go through each statement step-by-step. ### Step 1: Analyze the number of valence electrons - **Statement**: All the atoms have the same number of valence electrons. - **Explanation**: Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons. For example, all elements in Group 1 have one valence electron, and all elements in Group 17 have seven valence electrons. - **Conclusion**: This statement is **True**. ### Step 2: Analyze gram atomic volume - **Statement**: Gram atomic volume increases. - **Explanation**: As we move down a group, the atomic size increases due to the addition of electron shells. This increase in size leads to an increase in gram atomic volume. - **Conclusion**: This statement is **True**. ### Step 3: Analyze electronegativity - **Statement**: Electronegativity decreases. - **Explanation**: Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons. As we move down a group, the atomic radius increases, which decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons. Therefore, electronegativity decreases. - **Conclusion**: This statement is **True**. ### Step 4: Analyze metallic character - **Statement**: Metallic character decreases. - **Explanation**: Metallic character refers to the ability of an element to lose electrons. As we move down a group, the atomic size increases, making it easier for atoms to lose electrons. Thus, metallic character actually increases down a group, contrary to the statement. - **Conclusion**: This statement is **False**. ### Step 5: Analyze basic nature of oxides - **Statement**: Basic nature of their oxides decreases. - **Explanation**: The basic nature of oxides generally increases down a group because larger atoms can more easily donate OH⁻ ions. Therefore, the basic nature of oxides does not decrease but rather increases. - **Conclusion**: This statement is **False**. ### Final Conclusion Based on the analysis: 1. All the atoms have the same number of valence electrons - **True** 2. Gram atomic volume increases - **True** 3. Electronegativity decreases - **True** 4. Metallic character decreases - **False** 5. Basic nature of their oxides decreases - **False** Thus, the correct statements are 1, 2, and 3. Therefore, the answer is **1, 2, 3**.
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