1.2 L of hydrogen and 1.12 L of chlorine are reacted. The composition by volume of mixture is

Options

A. 0.08 L of `H_2` and 2.24 L of HCl
B. 2.24 L of `H_2` and 2.24 L of HCl
C. 0.08 L of `Cl_2` and 20.8 L of HCl
D. 22.4 L of `Cl_2` and 20.8 L of HCl

Answer

To solve the problem, we need to determine the composition by volume of the mixture after the reaction between hydrogen (H₂) and chlorine (Cl₂) has taken place. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation
The reaction between hydrogen and chlorine can be represented as:
\[ \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2 \text{HCl} \]
This equation shows that 1 volume of hydrogen reacts with 1 volume of chlorine to produce 2 volumes of hydrochloric acid (HCl).

### Step 2: Identify the initial volumes of reactants
We have:
- Volume of hydrogen (H₂) = 1.2 L
- Volume of chlorine (Cl₂) = 1.12 L

### Step 3: Determine the limiting reagent
From the balanced equation, we see that hydrogen and chlorine react in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, we need to determine which reactant will be completely consumed first.

- For 1.12 L of Cl₂, we would need 1.12 L of H₂ to completely react with it.
- We have 1.2 L of H₂ available, which is more than enough to react with 1.12 L of Cl₂.

Thus, **Cl₂ is the limiting reagent**.

### Step 4: Calculate the amount of H₂ consumed
Since Cl₂ is the limiting reagent, all of it will be consumed:
- Volume of Cl₂ reacted = 1.12 L
- According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 1.12 L of Cl₂ will react with 1.12 L of H₂.

### Step 5: Calculate the remaining volume of H₂
Initial volume of H₂ = 1.2 L
Volume of H₂ consumed = 1.12 L
Remaining volume of H₂:
\[ \text{Remaining H}_2 = 1.2 \, \text{L} - 1.12 \, \text{L} = 0.08 \, \text{L} \]

### Step 6: Calculate the volume of HCl produced
From the balanced equation, for every 1 volume of Cl₂ consumed, 2 volumes of HCl are produced. Therefore:
- Volume of HCl produced = 2 × Volume of Cl₂ reacted
\[ \text{Volume of HCl} = 2 \times 1.12 \, \text{L} = 2.24 \, \text{L} \]

### Step 7: Determine the final composition by volume
After the reaction, we have:
- Remaining H₂ = 0.08 L
- Produced HCl = 2.24 L

Thus, the total composition by volume of the mixture is:
- H₂: 0.08 L
- HCl: 2.24 L

### Final Answer
The composition by volume of the mixture is:
- 0.08 L of H₂ and 2.24 L of HCl.