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Arrange the following alcohols in order ...

Arrange the following alcohols in order of increasing reactivity towards sodium metal.
(i) `CH_(3)OH`
(ii) `(CH_(3))_(2)CH-OH`
(iii) `CH_(3)CH_(2)OH`
(iv) `(CH_(3))_(3)C-OH`

A

(iv) > (iii) > (ii) >(i)

B

(ii) < (i) < (iii) <(iv)

C

(iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i)

D

(i) > (iii)> (ii) >(iv)

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To arrange the given alcohols in order of increasing reactivity towards sodium metal, we need to consider the acidity of the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl (-OH) group of each alcohol. The more acidic the hydrogen, the more reactive the alcohol will be towards sodium metal. ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Identify the Alcohols:** - (i) `CH₃OH` (Methanol) - (ii) `(CH₃)₂CHOH` (Isopropanol) - (iii) `CH₃CH₂OH` (Ethanol) - (iv) `(CH₃)₃COH` (Tert-butanol) 2. **Determine the Degree of Alcohols:** - Methanol (`CH₃OH`) is a primary alcohol. - Ethanol (`CH₃CH₂OH`) is also a primary alcohol. - Isopropanol (`(CH₃)₂CHOH`) is a secondary alcohol. - Tert-butanol (`(CH₃)₃COH`) is a tertiary alcohol. 3. **Assess the Electron Donating Effects:** - Alcohols with more alkyl groups (which are electron-donating) will have less acidic protons. Thus, their reactivity towards sodium will decrease. - Methanol has one methyl group (least electron-donating). - Ethanol has one ethyl group (more electron-donating than methanol). - Isopropanol has two methyl groups (more electron-donating than ethanol). - Tert-butanol has three methyl groups (most electron-donating). 4. **Rank the Alcohols Based on Acidity:** - The order of acidity (and hence reactivity towards sodium) is inversely related to the number of electron-donating groups: - Methanol (`CH₃OH`) - Most acidic, most reactive. - Ethanol (`CH₃CH₂OH`) - Less acidic than methanol. - Isopropanol (`(CH₃)₂CHOH`) - Less acidic than ethanol. - Tert-butanol (`(CH₃)₃COH`) - Least acidic, least reactive. 5. **Final Order of Increasing Reactivity:** - Tert-butanol (iv) < Isopropanol (ii) < Ethanol (iii) < Methanol (i) ### Conclusion: The order of increasing reactivity towards sodium metal is: **(iv) < (ii) < (iii) < (i)**
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