Which of the following glands /structure participate in excretion in periplaneta Americana ?

Options

A. Ovarioles
B. Malpighian tubules
C. Gizzard
D. Anal cerci

Answer

To determine which glands or structures participate in excretion in Periplaneta americana (the cockroach), we will analyze the options provided and identify the correct one.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Scientific Name**:
- Periplaneta americana is the scientific name for the cockroach. This information is crucial as it sets the context for the question.

2. **Analyze the Options**:
- The options provided include various structures associated with the cockroach. We need to evaluate each one for its role in excretion.

3. **Evaluate Ovarioles**:
- Ovarioles are part of the female reproductive system and consist of ovarian tubules that contain developing ova. They do not participate in excretion.
- **Conclusion**: Ovarioles are incorrect.

4. **Evaluate Malpighian Tubules**:
- Malpighian tubules are excretory structures found in cockroaches. They are located at the junction of the midgut and hindgut and are responsible for excreting nitrogenous waste and other metabolites.
- **Conclusion**: Malpighian tubules are correct.

5. **Evaluate Gizzard**:
- The gizzard is a muscular part of the digestive system that grinds food. It does not have a role in excretion.
- **Conclusion**: Gizzard is incorrect.

6. **Evaluate Anal Surface**:
- The anal surface consists of appendages at the end of the abdomen and acts primarily as a sense organ, not for excretion.
- **Conclusion**: Anal surface is incorrect.

7. **Final Conclusion**:
- The only structure that participates in excretion in Periplaneta americana is the Malpighian tubules.

### Answer:
The correct answer is **Malpighian tubules**.