The correct Statement about diseases of the cardiovascular system is

Options

A. Blood pressure of about 140 /100 mm Hg causes rupturing of blood vessels of eyes.
B. Hypertension significantly increases the after load on the heart , causes decrease in the heart size and finally heart failure.
C. Coronary artery disease refers to a condition such arteriosclerosis which causes formation of plaque which decreases the size of lumen of coronary arteries .
D. The pain of Angina pectoris is severe , in the chest , and referred to the neck , lower jaw ,left arm and left shoulder . It may disappear with rest.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the correct statement about diseases of the cardiovascular system, we will analyze each statement provided in the question.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Blood Pressure Levels**:
- Normal blood pressure is typically around 120/80 mmHg.
- A blood pressure reading of 140/100 mmHg indicates hypertension (high blood pressure).

**Hint**: Recall the normal range for blood pressure and what constitutes hypertension.

2. **Evaluating the First Statement**:
- The first statement claims that a blood pressure of 140/100 mmHg can cause the rupturing of blood vessels in the eye.
- This is true; hypertension can lead to conditions such as retinopathy, where high pressure can damage the blood vessels in the retina, potentially causing blindness.

**Hint**: Consider how high blood pressure affects various organs, particularly the eyes.

3. **Evaluating the Second Statement**:
- The second statement suggests that hypertension significantly increases the afterload on the heart.
- While it is true that hypertension increases afterload, the statement incorrectly claims that this leads to a decrease in the size of the heart chambers. In reality, hypertension can cause the heart chambers to enlarge (hypertrophy) due to the increased workload.

**Hint**: Think about how the heart responds to increased pressure over time.

4. **Evaluating the Third Statement**:
- The third statement discusses coronary artery disease (CAD) and mentions arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.
- Atherosclerosis is the correct term for the buildup of plaques (cholesterol, fat, calcium) in the arteries, which narrows the lumen. Arteriosclerosis is a broader term that refers to the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls. Thus, this statement is incorrect.

**Hint**: Differentiate between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis.

5. **Evaluating the Fourth Statement**:
- The fourth statement describes the pain of angina pectoris as severe.
- However, angina pectoris typically presents as acute pain, not necessarily severe. Therefore, this statement is also incorrect.

**Hint**: Recall the characteristics of angina pectoris pain.

6. **Conclusion**:
- After evaluating all statements, the first statement is the only correct one regarding diseases of the cardiovascular system.

### Final Answer:
The correct statement about diseases of the cardiovascular system is **the first statement**, which indicates that a blood pressure of about 140/100 mmHg can cause the rupturing of blood vessels in the eye.