Diabetes is one of the most common lifestyle disorders in India , which is successfully treated with insulin therapy which radius the blood glucose levels . Which of the following mechanism correctly shown the action of insulin in lowering blood glucose levels ?

Options

A. It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen .
B. It stimulates the process of gluconeogenesis .
C. It acts on adipocytes and hepatocytes and increase cellular glucose uptake and utilization .
D. It reduces glucose uptake and utilization.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the mechanism of insulin in lowering blood glucose levels, let's break down the process step by step:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Diabetes and Insulin**:
- Diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, specifically by the islets of Langerhans, that helps regulate blood sugar levels.

**Hint**: Remember that insulin is produced in the pancreas and is crucial for glucose regulation.

2. **Role of Insulin**:
- Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly in the liver (hepatocytes) and fat (adipocytes) tissues. This process is essential for reducing blood glucose levels.

**Hint**: Focus on the types of cells that insulin acts upon and their significance in glucose metabolism.

3. **Mechanism of Action**:
- When insulin binds to its receptors on target cells (hepatocytes and adipocytes), it triggers a series of reactions that increase the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.

**Hint**: Consider how insulin influences glucose levels in the blood and inside the cells.

4. **Consequences of Increased Glucose Uptake**:
- As glucose enters the cells, the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases. The glucose taken up by the cells can then be utilized for energy production or stored as glycogen in the liver.

**Hint**: Think about what happens to glucose once it is inside the cells.

5. **Elimination of Incorrect Options**:
- Option A: Insulin does not stimulate the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis); it promotes glucose uptake.
- Option B: Insulin does not stimulate gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose); it actually inhibits this process.
- Option D: Insulin increases glucose uptake, not reduces it.

**Hint**: Analyze each option critically to identify which aligns with the known functions of insulin.

6. **Correct Answer**:
- The correct mechanism of insulin action in lowering blood glucose levels is that it increases cellular glucose uptake and utilization.

**Hint**: Confirm that the chosen option reflects the role of insulin in promoting glucose uptake.

### Conclusion:
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is Option C, which states that insulin increases the uptake and utilization of glucose, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels.