Choose the incorrect statement about osmosis from the following.

Options

A. The rate of osmosis is dependent only on the pressure gradient .
B. Osmosis occurs spontaneously in response to a driving force
C. Osmotic pressure is referred to the applied positive pressure , while y osmotic potential is negative.
D. Water moves from a region of higher chemical potential to a region of lower chemical potential

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze each statement provided about osmosis and identify which one is incorrect. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown:

### Step 1: Understand Osmosis
Osmosis is the process of movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to a region of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration). It occurs until equilibrium is reached.

### Step 2: Evaluate Each Statement
1. **Statement 1**: "The rate of osmosis is dependent only on the pressure gradient."
- **Analysis**: This statement is incorrect. The rate of osmosis is influenced by several factors, including the concentration gradient, temperature, and the presence of light, not just the pressure gradient.

2. **Statement 2**: "Osmosis occurs spontaneously in response to a driving force."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. Osmosis happens naturally as a response to the concentration gradient, which acts as the driving force.

3. **Statement 3**: "Osmotic pressure is referred to applied positive pressure while osmotic potential is negative."
- **Analysis**: This statement is also correct. Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of water into a solution, and it is considered positive. Osmotic potential, on the other hand, is a measure of the potential for water to move and is usually expressed as a negative value.

4. **Statement 4**: "Water moves from a region of higher chemical potential to a region of lower chemical potential."
- **Analysis**: This statement is correct. In osmosis, water moves from areas of higher chemical potential (more free water molecules) to areas of lower chemical potential (fewer free water molecules).

### Step 3: Identify the Incorrect Statement
From the analysis, the first statement is the only incorrect one. Therefore, the answer to the question is:

**Answer**: The incorrect statement about osmosis is: "The rate of osmosis is dependent only on the pressure gradient."

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