Which of the following ARTs does not involve in - vitro fertilization ?

Options

A. ZIFT
B. ICSI
C. GIFT
D. IUT

Answer

To solve the question "Which of the following ARTs does not involve in vitro fertilization?", we will analyze each of the given assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs) to determine whether they involve in vitro fertilization (IVF) or not.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)**:
- IVF is a process where fertilization occurs outside the female body. The male sperm and female egg are combined in a laboratory setting, and the resulting zygote is then transferred to the female's uterus or fallopian tubes.

2. **Analyzing the Techniques**:
- **ZIFT (Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer)**:
- This technique involves fertilizing the egg in vitro and then transferring the zygote into the fallopian tube. Since it starts with IVF, ZIFT is involved in in vitro fertilization.

- **ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection)**:
- In ICSI, a single sperm is injected directly into an egg, which is also done in vitro. Therefore, ICSI is involved in in vitro fertilization.

- **GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer)**:
- GIFT involves placing both sperm and eggs into the fallopian tubes, allowing fertilization to occur naturally inside the body. However, since the gametes are handled outside the body before being transferred, it is considered a form of IVF.

- **IUT (Intrauterine Technique)**:
- IUT involves placing sperm directly into the uterus without fertilization occurring outside the body. This technique does not involve in vitro fertilization, as it does not require the manipulation of eggs and sperm outside the body.

3. **Conclusion**:
- Among the options provided, the technique that does not involve in vitro fertilization is **IUT (Intrauterine Technique)**.

### Final Answer:
The correct option is **IUT (Intrauterine Technique)**.

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